8. Zoom Lenses and Afocals#
8.1. Zoom Lenses#
8.2. Afocals (Beam Expander)#
Afocals are so called because neither the input nor the output comes to an image.

A ray diagram for an afocal lens.
Beam expansion:
(8.1)#\[
    \tan (\theta_3) = \frac{h_2}{f_1} \approx \theta_3
\]
(8.2)#\[
    \tan (\theta_3) = \frac{h_3}{f_2} \approx \theta_3
\]
(8.3)#\[
    \frac{h_3}{h_2} = \frac{f_2}{f_1}
\]
Angle:
(8.4)#\[
    \frac{h_1}{f_1} = \theta_1
\]
(8.5)#\[
    \theta_2 = \frac{h_1}{f_2}
\]
(8.6)#\[
    \frac{\theta_2}{\theta_1} = \frac{f_1}{f_2}
\]